Everything about Stockpile Stewardship totally explained
Stockpile stewardship refers to the
United States program of reliability testing and maintenance of its
nuclear weapons without the use of
nuclear testing.
Because no new nuclear weapons have been developed by the United States since
1992, even its youngest weapons are at least 16 years old. Aging weapons have many places in which they can fail or act unpredictably: the high explosives which condense their
fissile material can chemically degrade, their electronic components can suffer from decay, their
radioactive plutonium/
uranium cores are potentially unreliable, and the isotopes used by
thermonuclear weapons may be chemically unstable as well.
Since the United States has also not tested nuclear weapons since 1992, this leaves the task of its stockpile maintenance resting on the use of simulations (using non-nuclear explosives tests and
supercomputers, among other methods) and applications of scientific knowledge about
physics and
chemistry to the specific problems of weapons aging (the latter method is what is meant when various agencies refer to their work as "science-based"). It also involves the manufacture of additional plutonium "
pits" to replace ones of unknown quality, and finding other methods to increase the lifespan of existing warheads and maintain a confident
nuclear deterrent.
Most work for stockpile stewardship is undertaken at
United States Department of Energy National Laboratories, mostly at
Los Alamos National Laboratory,
Sandia National Laboratories,
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the
Nevada Test Site, and
Department of Energy productions facilities, employing around 27,500 personnel for the work and costing billions of dollars per year.
The government under President George W. Bush has introduced a new program to expand upon Stockpile Stewardship, called
Reliable Replacement Warhead, or RRW, whose goal it's to enable the development of new weapons without physical testing (using computer simulations instead) within 18 months and construction of the new designs within 4 years.
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